I frequently ship tubas by Amtrak out of Los Angeles. I'm reading some correct information and some misinformation in the posts above. This is my experience. (Bonus: long winded.) YMMV:
-Not all Amtrak stations accept freight of any kind. Some stations are simply a platform, and there is no freight service at all.
-For stations that do accept freight, they are divided into two kinds: those that only accept standard freight up to 50 pounds in weight, and those that accept "heavy freight" which is anything over 50 pounds. The heavy freight stations are only at major hubs, and I believe the distinction depends upon whether they have a forklift available to lift items over 50 pounds.
-I routinely ship tubas in Miraphone boxes, which are 23x30x48". Size is never a problem, at least at the Los Angeles freight office. (BTW, if you are in SoCal and need tuba box, call The Horn Guys La Crescenta. We have a lifetime supply of them in the basement.) Yes, Amtrak will accept a tuba in a hard case without a box, but if it's over 50 pounds (even if the case has wheels), it's still heavy freight.
-A smaller tuba, like an F tuba without case and packed in air pillows in a box, might be under 50 pounds, and these can be delivered to many more stations. We have shipped a tuba in one box and its case in a second box to get under the 50 pound regulation.
-A tuba in a hard case, a large tuba, or one packed with heavier packing materials, easily weights over 50 pounds, and this limits the stations to which you can send it. These boxes can only go to "heavy freight" stations.
-Example: I often ship tubas to San Jose, California, which has a fairly busy hub train station. However, they do not have a forklift available, so more often than not, we have to use Greyhound to San Jose unless the tuba is very small.
-Anything over 50 pounds always goes on a pallet and is moved by forklift, and you pay for the extra weight of the pallet (@20lbs). The pallet is free. If your box weights 52 or 53 pounds, they might let it go. You might phone ahead to make sure they have pallet if your box is over 50 pounds. The 800 number can give you the local freight office phone number. Pallets are easy to find if they are out, but I suspect the heavy freight stations always have a few. You can deliver your tuba pre-palleted, or they will do it for you.
-Pallets and wrapping: For LTL truck shipping of fragile tubas, I buy pallets for $1 at one local lumberyard, $2 at another. Sometimes I scavenge them on the roadside. Stretch wrap, to cocoon your tuba box to the pallet, is available at stores like Office Depot. Before shopping at Office Depot, find the stretch wrap page of their website on your smart phone, or print out that page and show it to the Office Depot cashier. The web price is much less than the in-store price, and they will match it in store. In Los Angeles, Amtrak always has pallets, and also they have no idea how to securely stretch wrap a box to the pallet. I just let them do their nonsense palleting and wrapping on their own. Some day I will show them. They always take good care of the tuba anyway. How high off the ground does a tuba box get when traveling by train? 3 feet? As a poster above described, we also sometimes stretch-wrap-cocoon a hard case without a box and cut slits for the handle and wheels. It's never a problem and may help keep things looking new during the trip.
-You can buy insurance for your tuba when you ship Amtrak, and the price is very fair. Sometimes I buy it, sometimes not. It depends upon the fragility of the instrument. Small F tuba in a big box: meh. Gronitz PCK: you bet. We have never had a tuba damaged or lost when shipping by Amtrak, but as you all know, packing a tuba is an art. Proper packing makes all the difference. That's another post...
-DO NOT put any labels on the box that say "FRAGILE", or anything like that. Amtrak does not ship fragile items. One of my staff was turned away when trying to ship a tuba box that had fragile stickers on it. Yes, this is lame. Write your senator. We have fun getting around this by sometimes taping on labels that say something like, "This box contains a tuba on its way to the circus. Please be gentle. Beware of clowns." Humor is good. Amtrak employees can sound like drones (or they're especially surly), but they are people too.
-DO put "THIS SIDE UP" stickers on the box if this is important to you. Usually the address label goes on top, and the location of the label determines in what position the box travels. Have the phone number of the recipient available. Amtrak should phone them when the box arrives at its destination.
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Let's be careful out there.
Best,
Steve Ferguson